Preservatives: Parabens (e.g., methylparaben, propylparaben, ethylparaben, butylparaben) - These prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and molds in products.
Plasticizers: Phthalates (like DEP, DBP, DEHP) - Often found in fragrances, nail polishes, and lotions, these increase the flexibility of plastics.
Surfactants: Sulfates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate) - Common detergents in shampoos, body washes, and other cleansing products.
Emollients and Occlusives: Mineral Oil - A byproduct of petroleum, used for its moisturizing properties. Silicones (e.g., dimethicone, cyclomethicone) - Provide a smooth feel and form a protective barrier on the skin and hair. Often used in hair care products, primers, and some moisturizers.
Fragrance and Coloring: Synthetic Fragrances - Often labeled as "fragrance" or "parfum", these can represent a mixture of many individual compounds. Synthetic Coloring - Used to give products their color. Some may be derived from coal tar and might be labeled with an FD&C or D&C prefix followed by a color and a number (e.g., FD&C Red No. 40).
2. Health and Environmental Concerns:
Endocrine Disruptors: Parabens and Phthalates have raised concerns over their potential to interfere with the body's endocrine system
Carcinogens: Some Synthetic Coloring Agents (especially certain coal-tar derived colors) may pose a risk.
Skin Irritants: Sulfates can cause skin and eye irritation for some individuals, especially in higher concentrations.
Environmental Impact: Phthalates has been found in environmental samples, raising concerns about potential impacts on wildlife and ecosystems. Some Silicones are non-biodegradable and may accumulate in aquatic environments.
Uncertain Risks: Mineral Oil's potential contamination with harmful compounds and Synthetic Fragrances' undisclosed components raise concerns.
3. Regulatory Status:
Parabens - While considered safe by many regulatory agencies at low concentrations, some types of parabens have been banned or restricted in the EU for certain cosmetic applications.
Phthalates - The EU has restricted the use of some phthalates in cosmetics, while the U.S. has different regulations.
Sulfates - Generally recognized as safe in small amounts but have faced scrutiny due to their potential for irritation.
Synthetic Colors - The FDA regulates color additives in the U.S., and some colors require certification; however, regulations vary worldwide.
